where is dave blankenship 2020

Also, we hear what might be in store for season 9. He spent nearly fifty years looking for the treasure and amassed arguably more knowledge about the myths and the theories surrounding it than anyone. Dan started his mission decades prior to the brothers, leaving everything behind in Florida to devote his life to the Oak Island treasure. The Curse of Oak Island wrapped up its eighth season in May 2021 on History TV, and a season 9 renewal is currently pending. The Curse of Oak Island is one of the most intriguing reality TV shows of recent times and revolves around the hunt for the supposedly cursed hidden treasure buried somewhere on Oak Island, south of Nova Scotia, Canada. Standing guard over the secreted barrels of gold in the hidden basement-level of his newly enlarged 'garage' (mentioned earlier this year on 'Other Side of the Causeway'). Feb 02, 2021 | 42m 4s | tv-pg | CC. !Discussions and LIVE GUEST APPEARANCES and LIVE Phone Calls on the Subject of the Show The Curse of Oak Island are done on the QUEST OF OAK ISLAND FACEBOOK GROUP and QoOI (YouTube) with over 70,000 + Members. Since the season 7 finale, titled 'Timeline,' Dave hasn't appeared on the series. According to the legend, seven people have even died trying to get their hands on the treasure. Matty Blake sits down with Oak Island legend Dave Blankenship and takes a deep dive into Dave's history on the island while . The TV show has been airing since 2014 when its first premiered on History network in Canada. His son, David Blankenship, joined the team after his father's passing. He's not physically able to film or talk. In Season 8 of "The Curse of Oak Island," fans quickly noticed that the show lacks any appearances from David. Wasnt he in a coma from a stroke that resulted from a heavy fall on a construction site in 1986? 2. oldmanonsilvercreek 2 yr. ago. Seems odd that Dave B just disappears out of the blue. Blankenship is one of the permanent inhabitants at Oak Island. He suffered a stroke as the horrifying fall led him to a disengaged artery on his neck. Back on Oak Island, archaeologists Laird Niven, Aaron Taylor, and David MacInnes resume their excavation of the mysterious stone walls on Lot 15. This is your place to discuss the mysteries associated with Oak Island. It's even unclear if he's currently married, or how many children or grandchildren he possibly has, if any. Dave or David Blankenship is the son of the legendary treasure hunter Dan Blankenship and a resident of Oak Island. A teaser for the eighth series promises that this season will be packed with more determination, resources and technology in search of the coveted treasure of Oak Island. Read on to know what happened to Dave Blankenship on 'The Curse of Oak Island'? Wonder if it had anything to do with him? In the episode that introduces Dave, he actually explains what happened to him. Stars Matty Blake David Blankenship Rick Lagina See production, box office & company info David keeps a tight lid on any huge details about his personal life. Something happened. Oak Island is in Nova Scotia, and the mystery in question is a legend that there's big treasure buried there. A while back there was a shot of him walking from a car and he had a pronounced limp and it looked like one of his arms was immobile, possibly from a stroke. He slowly recovered but partially lost sensation in the left side of his body and slightly limps when he walks. Sadly, Dan passed away on March 17, 2019, according to a Facebook group in his honor. Here is everything you need to know about Dave Blankenships absence from the show and whereabouts. Matty Blake sits down with Oak Island legend Dave Blankenship and takes a deep dive into Dave's history on the island while trying to understand why he stepped away from the 2 centuries old treasure hunt that he and his father devoted their lives to. On "The Curse of Oak Island," David has shown off his persistent nature and a penchant for working with his hands. It's little wonder why, when the Lagina brothers began their search, they decided to partner up and include David and Dan on the show, as their expertise about the island proves to be invaluable. Powered by WordPress.com VIP. Sadly, Dan passed away in 2019. In 2014, History debuted "The Curse of Oak Island," a unique reality series that centers on the supposed mysterious riches of Oak Island and the hopeful crew in search of it all. Not only is David a longtime resident of Oak Island, but he has worked in some capacity searching on the island for multiple decades. He can't get through 2 sentences without the F word and I think the others are looking for a bit more class - not crass - to the production. It has also been reported that Dave was dissatisfied with how the shows producers treated his late father, and that likely also factored into his decision to retire. Per History, as Marty points out, David has been working outdoors his entire life, and on the series, he puts much of the crew to shame with his impressive work ethic. Daves bio on History Channel says that while hes had limited mobility for over 30 years, the accident has never let it slow him down. Dave has lived in Oak Island for 30 years after getting a divorce. What Happened to Dave Blankenship on 'Oak Island'? I think Dave has had some fairly major health issues. I read that David Blankenship passed in Nov 2020 they might bring that up in season 9 . Yet, Rick isn't the only member of "The Curse of Oak Island" crew who found himself transforming into a real-life treasure hunter thanks to the words of the article's author, David MacDonald. What Happened To Rick From American Restoration? In 1986, he fell 46 feet on a job site, and suffered from a stroke when he landed because of a disengaged artery on his neck. Matty Blake sits down with Oak Island legend Dave Blankenship and takes a deep dive into Dave's history on the island while trying to understand why he stepped away from the 2 centuries old treasure hunt that he and his father devoted their lives to. Fans of The Curse of Oak Island are by now as familiar as could be with brothers Marty and Rick Lagina, whose mission in life is to find the mysterious treasure of Oak Island. Today, Dave and his wife still live on Oak Island as two of its only permanent inhabitants. Billy was preceded in death by his parents and his granddaughter Sarah Nugent in 2020. The island has to kill you, you can't go naturally. Cookies help us deliver our Services. Inside the Tragic Loss of Drake Tester on 'The Curse of Oak Island', Latest The Curse of Oak Island News and Updates. His son, Dave Blankenship, has since taken over, and he plans on carrying out the mission to honor his father. history.com Watch Bonus: Dave's Accident Video - The Curse of Oak Island | HISTORY In 1986, Dave fell 46 feet on a job site and suffered from a stroke when he landed due to a disengaged artery on his neck. ET on The History Channel. If anyone could drink a bottle of Crown the size of an airplane it's Dave Blankenship. Dave was 36 years old at the time. ". Their efforts continue to bring the duo steps closer to the treasure they seek. It documents the efforts of brothers Marty and Rick Lagina, who are on a mission to find the treasure along with the local treasure-hunting community (aka Oak Island Fellowship). And some interesting artifacts have been unearthed. Dave explained that he decided to retire from the show and treasure hunting to spend more time with his family. **Audio Credit: YouTube Audio LibrarySubscribe, Like, and Comment to our channel to get updates on Celebrity Gossips, Family, Biographies. The stroke and coma did around on him as he had to learn everything again from scratch which he did. Dave used the word retire in his message, and so, while he may make the occasional appearance on the show, Im afraid that we will probably see much less of him throughout Season 8. Unfortunately, the treasure hunter is not one to broadcast his lie on national television. Advertisement More from Distractify Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statutes that might otherwise be infringing. The elder Blankenship may have thought a fresh start on Oak Island was the perfect way to get his son out of a slump. The elder Blankenship may have thought a fresh start on Oak Island was the perfect way to get his son out of a slump. Notably, he expressed his happiness about the lack of neighbors. David eventually followed his father up to the island, but as we'll soon learn, he only chose to do so after hitting a low point in his life. If you've watched The Curse of Oak Island, then you've likely noticed that Dave Blankenship seemingly has an injury of some kind, as he limps a bit when he walks. Copyright Disclaimer under Section 107 of the copyright act 1976, allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Specifically, Dave feels that his father was left out of too many important decisions and events. It's in this episode that David officially announced his retirement. Major paralysis down one side of his body too. His son Dave appeared in a supporting capacity in early episodes of the show, often aiding his father, and is one of the original members of the fellowship. 2023 Cinemaholic Inc. All rights reserved. Intrepid metal detector and Oak Island legend Gary Drayton, takes Matty Blake on a metal detecting tour of the island while counting down his most memorable finds. However, surprisingly, he once revealed that he'd been married before. It's also the home of watch parties and memes for the television show, the "Curse of Oak Island" on the History Channel. ". They did a whole digging down special on him just a week ago! But the main treasure has never been found and remains a mystery even to these explorers. 210,398 views Nov 14, 2020 The audience may have noted that Dave Blankenship had been on Oak Island. In a previous episode of the series, Dave revealed that he had an industrial accident in 1986. Often causing History to censor his stream of swears and expertly carrying the Blankenship torch on the island after his father's death in 2019 (via Sky History), David is a refreshing addition to the Oak Island team. The hunt for the treasure and the related theories are the shows prime focus. There are at least three residential type houses on Oak Island. What Happened to Martin on the Aurora Teagarden Mysteries. After Dan's passing, Dave has held the Blankenship torch up high but as Season 8 rolled in, Dave, too, was nowhere to be seen, and his profile on the show's official website (via History). Allegedly, David made a now-deleted Facebook comment explaining that he quit over what he believed to be the show's producers ignoring his father's legacy on the island. Intrepid metal detector and Oak Island legend Gary Drayton, takes Matty Blake on a metal detecting tour of the island while counting down his most memorable finds. I recently heard from Dave. Did he have another stroke that put him into a coma? Celebration Sat 2pm at Sand Spring Baptist Church, Lawrenceburg. Dan was a revered and respected figure among the Oak Island Fellowship and came to the island in search of the treasure after reading about it in the 1965 edition of Readers Digest (the same one as the Lagina brothers). Matty travels to Traverse City, Michigan and meets with Rick, Marty, Craig, Alex and Jack to review the discoveries made in season 8. If the tension between David and the producers of "The Curse of Oak Island" is true, it's not too far-fetched to believe that it may have also played a factor in his decision to leave the show. Here is what happened, What You Need to Know About Tami Romans Weight Loss, Does Ashley from Maine Cabin Masters have health issues? So, looking out for his son, Dan asked David to work on Oak Island with him. But before the two started their search in 2006 (via Sky History), David and his father, Dan Blankenship, had already been on the quest. I think it was episode 3. I have Spoken to David Blankenship and he has told me that this year 2020 he has Retired from the Show The Curse of Oak Island. His absence from the series led to much speculation, including information about his health, especially as the show dealt with production while the world grappled with the COVID-19 pandemic. Some fans may already know that the article caught the eyes of a young Rick Lagina and ignited a lifelong obsession. Ultimately, this led to a stroke and later a coma that took some time to recover from. But while viewers are excited to see what findings this season will bring, some are concerned about Dave Blankenship and wonder what happened to him. Up until recently, they ran tours of the island, however its since been closed to visitors. SEE ALSO: What happened to Wil on Forged in Fire? However, in the latest season, he has been notably missing, and naturally, that has left fans of the show worried about his fate. Catch new episodes of The Curse of Oak Island on the History Channel, airing on Tuesdays at 9 p.m. To see my group you must Join because it is a private group. Dave Blankenship from The Curse of Oak Island is alive and well. 2 Feb. 2021 Dave Blankenship's Oak Island 7.8 (9) Rate Matty Blake sits down with Oak Island legend Dave Blankenship and takes a deep dive into Dave's history on the island while trying to understand why he stepped away from the 2 centuries old treasure hunt that he and his father devoted their lives to. Therefore, after he did not appear on the shows eighth season, fans began speculating the reason behind his absence. If you are looking for a bold, passionate, and witty guy among the treasure hunters, look no further than Dave. But the island has a long legacy of hopeful treasure hunters besides the Lagina brothers. Dave has lived in Oak Island for 30 years after getting a divorce. Sadly, the star claims that he has little to no feeling on his left side to this day. The cofferdam at Smiths Cove will have to be expanded to carry out more investigations. Matty travels to Traverse City, Michigan and meets with Rick, Marty, Craig, Alex and Jack to review the discoveries made in season 8. His bio adds: He can take on anyone half his age and often does.. 'The Curse of Oak Island' Is Like a Real Life 'Goonies'. Why else would a multi-millionaire pretend to live in poverty on a mostly uninhabited island?. He looks like his health is not so good. 2. He did appear on an episode of the companion series The Curse of Oak Island: Drilling Down in 2021. The Curse of Oak Island viewers wonder what happened to Dave Blankenship did he have an injury in the past? Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. The Great Feud: With Matty Blake, Dan Blankenship, Linda Flowers, Raymond Eisnor. We don't know if David was initially thrilled about joining his father when he decided to make the trek to the island in the early '70s. Unfortunately, the marriage didn't end too well for him, and at that point, his father also thought David wasn't doing too great in his life. For the first time in The Curse of Oak Island history, Rick, Marty and the team are allowing viewers behind the scenes to see how every incredible moment on Oak Island is captured. David doesn't often engage in any social media, and the few interviews we've seen him in usually stick to facts about the series. At the end of Season 7 which began airing in November 2019, the team of bright and fearless treasure hunters seemed to get closer to discovering the elusive treasure. So, with that said, let's delve deeper into the untold truth about Blankenship. Why was he on Oak Island? We don't know if David was initially thrilled about joining his father when. Tulsan David Blankenship enjoyed a career in which he stood at the forefront of the aerospace industry as an executive with Tulsa-based Rockwell International, where he began in the early 1960s. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. David was born on October 22, 1933 and passed away on Sunday, January 19, 2020. The Curse of Oak Island review is 7.1/10 on IMDB, however, 93% of Google users have liked the TV show. If you're a fan of Dave Blankenship, you may have noticed his conspicuous absence from both this episode and the Season 8 premiere. Were it not for a bitter feud between them, they just might have succeeded. Dave Blankenship still lives on Oak island itself as a member of the Oak Island team. Due to Covid 19 restrictions, the family will require those in attendance to we Marty and his brother Rick Lagina, Dan Blankenship, Dave Blankenship, Craig Tester, and the rest of the Oak Island team is one unwavering bunch.Whether it is challenges with equipment, weather, or difficult terrain, the team is more determined to uncover the 224-year mystery under the Nova Scotia . Dave Blankenship is the maker of the unscripted TV drama named 'The Scourge Of Oak Island' from 2014 to 2020. He is partially paralysed on the left side due to an industrial accident. Why was he on Oak Island? He's taking a break for now. If youre a fan of Dave Blankenship, you may have noticed his conspicuous absence from both this episode and the Season 8 premiere. Here is what we know. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. He's fine. The Curse of Oak Island is a reality TV show which a team of treasure hunters search for a legendary treasure on the infamous cursed Oak Island. One such member of the local community is Dave Blankenship, who has appeared on the show sporadically over the years. . Dan passed away in March 2019 and Dave vowed to continue his father's legacy. Accordingto distractify portal, in the new season's episode it is revealed that Dave limps when he walks, he later explains that he has had an accident in 1986 when he fell from a height of 46 feet on a job site. The episode indicates that David's departure is entirely amicable and he's leaving on good terms. Since the 19th century, explorers have tried to locate the loot. Although, unlike Rick, his link to the piece is more indirect, and it's all thanks to his father, Dan. His name was in the small Zoom window. Matty Blake sits down with Oak Island legend Dave Blankenship and takes a deep dive into Dave's history on the island while trying to understand why he stepped away from the 2 centuries old treasure hunt that he and his father devoted their lives to. I actually just finished watching e.16 and I just saw the first flashback that I believe had Dave in it all season. ALSO READ|Varun Dhawan's 'Coolie No.1' Trailer To Drop On Nov 28, Movie To Release During Christmas. David Blankenship, 66, died Friday, September 11, 2020. When they started their journey in 2006, they worked alongside a man by the name of Dan Blankenship, whose relationship with Oak Island far predated Rick and Marty's time. He fell off 46 feet on a job site. The Curse of Oak Island is arguably one of the most entertaining and inspiring shows on TV today. S8, Ep4 23 Feb. 2021 Dave has moved to Oak Island in 1992 or 1994. What was happening to him? The Curse of Oak Island is arguably one of the most entertaining and inspiring shows on TV today. Dave sold the island for a bag of schmickels and a lifetime supply of airplane size crown bottles. SD51 Silver Member. All Rights Reserved. 23 Feb. 2021. It has paralyzed the left side of his body, and it's why he walks with a noticeable limp. WATCH THE CURSE OF OAK ISLAND TUESDAYS AT 9 PM EST ON HISTORY CHANNEL, AND GET FREAKY WITH US ONINSTAGRAMANDFACEBOOK, Screenshot - The Curse of Oak Island: Meet Dave Blankenship | History. Around then, he may be in the system of separation as indicated by oakislandfandom.com. As the treasure hunters inch deeper into the triangle-shaped island, expect them to use modern and groundbreaking metal detection equipment on the surface. Blankenship grew up in Oklahoma and attended Oklahoma Military Academy, now known as Rogers State University. Lot 5 on Oak Island is owned by Robert S. Young, but it does not appear that there is a house on that lot when looking at an . Forged In The Fire Filming Location: Where Is History Channel's Show Shot. The man likes to keep his personal life more hidden than the secret riches he searches for. While David's unfiltered talking and hardworking nature has made him a beloved fan favorite, when it comes to knowing more about his private life, we'd probably have an easier time locating that legendary Money Pit. What was happening to him? I hope things are ok with him. GRV Media Ltd, 18 Mulberry Avenue, Widnes. Read More:Is The Curse of Oak Island Real? Rick and Marty talk about their top moments from past seasons of "The Curse of Oak Island. But do you know what happened to Dave . I read that David Blankenship passed in Nov 2020 they might bring that up in season 9. In the dead of winter, Matty Blake visits the fellowship to debate the vast range of theories on who might have brought treasure to Oak Island. Dave Blankenship had a close call that put him in the hospital, but it will take more than that to stop him from finding the gold stuff. Dave or David Blankenship is the son of the legendary treasure hunter Dan Blankenship and a resident of Oak Island. In early 2021, a special behind-the-scenes episode of "Drilling Down"aired (via History), which centered on the whereabouts of David. TastyDeerMeat 2 yr. ago. The event is recounted in "The Curse of Oak Island: Drilling Down," which states that David had to perform rehab and relearn how to walk and talk. Today, Dave and his wife still live on Oak Island as two of its only permanent inhabitants. Dan knew so many secrets and myths about the island, and obviously, he passed down some of his knowledge to David, as it isn't uncommon to occasionally see him answering fan questionsabout the island's history alongside Rick and Marty. He served as a pilot in the Air Force, both on Active Duty and as a Reservist. Other members of the cast include Craig Tester, who was Marty's former college roommate and is an expert in drilling and earth scans. He now has little to no feeling on the left side of his body. Dave Blankenship's Oak Island. The treasure hunters kill time by exercising, planting trees, playing a First Nations-style skin drum, and engaging in a backyard construction project. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. It makes sense; they had already bought out David Tobias' lot and shares in Oak Island Tours in 2007, and now it appears, from the narration on Tuesdays and Sunday's E03, that the Laginas came to an arrangement with the estate to purchase Dan Blankenship's share in OIT (or more likely there was a business clause) which means they own everything except for 5 (Young), 9-14 (Nolan) and . The new season will showMarty and Rick Lagina, who according to the teaser of the new season, has some new information about the hidden artefacts on the island. In the dead of winter, Matty Blake visits the fellowship to debate the vast range of theories on who might have brought treasure to Oak Island. Like was mentioned, he sold his share . In an episode of the series, Dave spoke about the reasons behind his decision to step away from treasure hunting. Whether it is challenges with equipment, weather, or difficult terrain, the team is more determined to uncover the 224-year mystery under the Nova Scotia Island, Canada. With every season, the show gets even more compelling as the team uncovers more leads and possibly inch towards their goal. The Curse of Oak Island review is 7.1/10 on IMDB, however, 93% of Google users have liked the TV show. The show is back with its 8th season. The hunt for gold can be traced all the way back to 1795, when a teenager found an indented spot near a tree on Oak Island that made people believe there was hidden treasure buried in the ground. The hit reality series returned for its eighth series on History Channel on Tuesday, November 10th. The series gives a behind-the-scenes look at the lives of members of the fellowship and their activities and features in-depth conversations with them. Have missed him on the show. S8, Ep4. Catch new episodes of The Curse of Oak Island on the History Channel, airing on Tuesdays at 9 p.m. Blankenship graduated from Webster High School in Tulsa and attended junior college at the Oklahoma Military Academy . Still, if not for that article, David wouldn't have wound up on Oak Island at all. Also, we hear what might be in store for season 9. Dave Blankenship - Son of Dan Blankenship who has been helping his father on the island since the 1970s. The Story Is Horrifying Its well known that Dave was severely injured from a workplace accident in 1986 where he fell 46 feet, suffered a stroke and went into a coma. In private correspondence with this author, the essence of which Mr. Blankenship has given me permission to disclose in this video, Dave decided to distance himself from the show on account of the treatment which his father, the late Dan Blankenship, received from its producers. Many viewers at home have been concerned about Daves health and wonder whether he had an injury in the past. https://mysteriesofcanada.com/nova-scotia/the-curse-of-oak-island-season-8-episode-2-the-boys-are-back/. As Daves name is listed in the new series of Oak Island, we expect to see many more appearances from him on the telly. I can't remember which of the 3 episodes they mention it in though. Any update on Dave? Rick and Marty Lagina and their team are back as they continue their quest to find the mysterious treasure of Oak Island. 2023 Glossyfied.com | hello@glossyfied.com, 6 Celebrities Whove Spoken Out About Their Struggle With Addiction, The Mystery Behind Selena Gomezs Distinctive Vocal Change, George Jones: A Troubled Life of Addiction, Johnny Cash and drugs: the music icons life-long struggle with addiction, All you need to know about Misty Raneys weight gain, How did Mariah Torres lose all that weight? Offers may be subject to change without notice. Dave is one of only three permanent inhabitants of Oak Island. He did appear on an episode of the companion series 'The Curse of Oak Island: Drilling Down' in 2021. Press J to jump to the feed. In addition to the ancient slipway, Dave and his team will try to uncover artifacts and box drains. Lagina brothers had started their journey of finding treasure from the year 2006 along with Dan Blankenship, however, Dan's journey had started 50 years ago, when he left everything behind in Florida, to devote his life to the Oak Island treasure. Updated photos and News are also done every day\"LIVE\" PreShow every Week at 7:30 PM/EST on Tuesday and \"LIVE\" PODCAST on Wednesday @ 7:30 PM/EST if Guests then Saturday at 8:00 PM/EST USA..PLEASE JOIN https://www.facebook.com/groups/1254285564596335/abouthttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwAoVHcsUMm_MnEFXEH1Abg/joinhttps://anchor.fm/john-stemmerhttps://www.youtube.com/c/QuestofOakIsland?sub_confirmation=1 Finally in the Money Pit, they will go deeper, using radar technology to find flood tunnel and utilize heavy digging machinery to find their way to the original Money Pit. Was he fired, bought out, moved? The audience may have noted that Dave Blankenship had been on Oak Island. There are some shenanigans going on with the show. On landing, his hard hart disengaged an artery on his neck. oldmanonsilvercreek 2 yr. ago. The Curse of Oak Island essentially follows treasure hunters on Oak Island located in Nova Scotia, Canada as they try to find buried treasure from over two centuries ago. It caught David by the knees and violently threw him into the crane's cab, which was approximately 46 feet away from where he was standing. Dave Blankenship, who happens to be the son of the late Dan Blankenship, is certainly committed to finishing the work his dad started. He was a Non-profit, educational, or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.I have Spoken to David Blankenship and he has told me that this year 2020 he has Retired from the Show The Curse of Oak Island. In 1986, while working as a steelworker, a crane cable snapped and wildly thrashed. Despite his recovery, David still has lasting injuries from the accident in the form of nerve damage. Maybe he did not want to get close in case of covid. RandyOhioGuy 2 yr. ago. But they didn't even mention him, that's the strange part let alone have him on via Zoom. Over the course of 10 seasons, Marty and Rick have carefully analyzed bountiful new information to aid in their hunt things only available now thanks to advances in technology. Even after losing his mentor and dad, Dan Blankenship, and suffering a near-death-experience, Dave is unstoppable. Also known as The Oak Island Mystery, it is believed that the hidden treasure belonged to Captain Kidd and various other theories about it also exist. 7.8 (9) Rate. But besides the sibling duo, the show features quite a memorable cast, including David "Dave" Blankenship. This will be addressed on a Future Drilling Down Episode. He suffered a stroke and had to learn how to walk, talk and do everything after waking from a coma. Too bad, but lifes too short to be doing something you dont want to do.

Who Plays Emily In The Ozempic Commercial, Who Appoints Ercot Board Of Directors, Articles W

where is dave blankenship 2020

where is dave blankenship 2020